Potosi Silver Mine, Australia

The Potosi underground mine is located approximately 2km to the north of the existing North Mine and is parallel to the main Broken Hill Line of Lode, in New South Wales, Australia. It includes two mining zones, known as Potosi North and Potosi Extended.

Owned and operated by Perilya, drilling of the Potosi Mine commenced in March 2007 but was kept under care and maintenance since September 2008 due to falling metal prices. Exploration studies continued through 2009 and confirmed the existence of minerals between the Potosi North and Potosi Extended zones.

The development was approved by the Broken Hill City Council in March 2010. The project was re-approved by the Perilya Board in February 2011, four years after the initial plans.

Development of the Potosi mine

"Potosi underground mine is located approximately 2km to the north of the existing North Mine in New South Wales."

Development work at Potosi began in 2011 and the production is expected to commence in late 2012. The project will mine at a rate of 450-500mt a year using the existing infrastructure and mining labour force of the Broken Hill Southern Operations.

The development cost of the Potosi silver mine is estimated at A$57.8m. Perilya will be funding the project from its existing cash reserves.

The Silver Peak deposit located adjacent to the mine is also being developed, along with the Potosi mine, as a combined project.

The development of Potosi / Silver Peak mine is expected to increase the production levels of the existing Broken Hill Mine by 30,000t in its first full production year and subsequently ramp-up to 45,000t.

Geology of Perilya's Potosi mine

The Potosi resource comprises narrow lenses present continuously from near the base of the pit to north of the Flying Doctor deposit located 10km north of the Broken Hill Southern Operations. The mineralised zone is 3km in strike length.

Potosi North and Potosi Extended represent 50% of the targeted mineralised zone along the strike.

Reserves at the New South Wales-based Australian mine

The Potosi Mine has inferred resources of 1.6 million tons (mt) at 14.1% of zinc and 3.4% of lead and 46 grams per tonne of silver (g/t). The Silver Peak mine has inferred resources of 390,000mt with 4.9% zinc, 9% lead and 77g/t silver.

Mining production methods to be used at the Potosi underground mine

Potosi mine was originally mined by Pasminco between 1996 and 2000 and was acquired as part of the Broken Hill prospect by Perilya in 2002. It was a 95m open-pit mine with an yield of 625,000t at 7.8% zinc and 1.6% lead.

"The development cost of the Potosi silver mine is estimated at A$57.8m. Perilya will be funding the project."

Potosi underground mine has a 1,400m decline developed from the previous open-pit mine. Its face is at 140m from the surface. A second decline will be developed adjacent to the Silver Peak mine and will be linked to the existing decline access.

Mining at Potosi will be undertaken through the modified Avoca method, wherein the ore is extracted in bottom-up sequence. A single crown pillar method will help achieve early ore production.

Stoping operations at the underground mine will be performed from a previously mined and now backfilled stope.

The current stope's width will be 3-15m and height 25m from the floor length. Waste rock will be used to backfill the stopes.

The ore will be transported in an underground truck to the surface, where it will be crushed in a portable crushing unit.

Potosi mine ore processing

The ore extracted at the Potosi mine will be processed in the Broken Hill Southern Operations concentrator. An access road will be laid to the Barrier Highway and the North Mine to truck the ore to the concentrator.

The capacity of the Southern Operations concentrator is 2.5mt. It is currently operating on a ten-day on / four-day off schedule and has idle capacity.

Processing of the Potosi and Silver Peak's crushed ore will bring the concentrator to full capacity and hence minimise the operating costs.

Coal processing equipments in South Africa

South Africa is not only rich in metal mining, but also rich in the nonmetal mining resources. For example, the coal reserve is the seventh of the world. Now South Africa is one the chief coal production countries, it is the fourth largest exporting country of coal and it is also the leader production country of liquid fuel made of coal. So coal crusher for sale in South Africa has big market. With more investors focus on the South Africa coal industry, Double has won more and more gaze from these investors.

Coal Processing Equipments

South Africa coal processing equipments offered by SBM are mainly jaw crusher, impact crusher, hammer crusher, ball mill and LM series grinding mills and feeder, screens and belt conveyors, etc.

Many producers produce coal aggregates, the coal crushing plants are able to satisfy their requirements. Many producers produce coal powders or process coal ash; in this case, the coal grinding machineries are very important.

Coal crusher plants

The commonly process of coal crusher plants in South Africa are similar with each other. Jaw crushers crush big coal lumps to small ones when they dig out from well or from deposits. It is really a easy work for Double jaw crusher. Actually, Double jaw crushers can be used to crush numerous mining ores and different stones, such as granite, marble, basalt, gravels, limestone, gypsum, clay, manganese ore, chrome ore, iron ore, gold ore, copper ore and zinc ore and so on.

As to the impact crushers, if the raw coal size is not very big, they can crush the lumps to small particles directly; if the raw coal size is big, impact crushers are used behind the jaw crushers. Though the application of impact crushers is wide, but impact crushers should used in crushing soft materials. If the coal deposit is small and producers just want to build one small coal production line in South Africa, Double hammer crushers are really good choices. Also, the output size of hammer crusher is quite small and adjustable, no other better machines are better than them in this function.

Coal grinding process

In the coal grinding process, ball mill and LM series grinding mills are widely used. It is well-known that many factors must be cared when producers grind coal powders, for example the inflammability. Double LM series grinding mill and ball mill well solve these problems. And they are really high performance and price ratio products.

Till now, Double has many coal crushers and coal grinding mills used in South Africa. Though the scales are not very large, they do make many more South Africa people know Double. And we do believe our service and our products will help us enlarge our market in South Africa in the near future.

If you are one investor and plan to invest in South Africa coal industry, just be free to contact us; if you any problems about the coal crushing plants just be free to contact us. You can chat with our engineer on-line, the answer will be shown you immediately; you could also leave your email address with us, we will get in touch with you within 24 hours.

FLSmidth Raptor® Line: American-Engineered Solutions

FLSmidth Pekin LLC (formerly known as FLSmidth Excel LLC) introduces two new models to its extensive Raptor® Cone Crusher line for 2010: the XL500 and XL2000 cone crushers. The XL500 cone is a 500 hp machine, falling between the XL400 and XL600 in size and capacity. The XL2000 cone, a 2000 hp machine, doubles the capacity of FLSmidth’s previous largest crusher, the XL1100 cone, and offers new industry-leading features to increase overall crushing throughput.

XL300 Cone

Available in the XL300, XL400, XL500, XL600, XL900, XL1100 and XL2000 models, the Raptor® High-Performance Cone Crusher is the result of extensive research conducted with the most important segment of FLSmidth's design team – the operators in the field. The company gathered valuable input from mining and aggregate operations of all sizes, and integrated the best ideas into the Raptor cone line.

From its extra-heavy-duty, high-grade steel mainframe to its leading-edge automated control package to the hydraulic tramp release cylinder and clearing system, the Raptor cone line is designed to keep operators crushing efficiently, day-in and day-out. Utilizing state-of-the-art engineering techniques, along with advanced CNC machining technology and tight quality control, FLSmidth is able to produce premium component parts that are manufactured to exacting levels of precision and accuracy. The Raptor cone delivers high-performance crushing in a rugged, dependable, automated machine.

XL300 Cone – The design profile of this machine offers maximum productivity and size reduction versatility – not only for stationary applications, but also for wheel-mounted portable and track-mounted mobile crushing plants. This compact unit has a physical height and mass that allow for many options in the design of multi-functional, street-legal portable plants. All XL300 cone crushers feature one-piece cast steel mainframe, with a forged steel main shaft.

XL400 Cone

XL600 Cone

XL400 Cone – An ideal solution as a secondary crusher following a jaw crusher, the XL400 cone produces more usable and salable aggregate per ton processed. A versatile and highly portable machine, this model also accepts primary-crushed material with greater flexibility, thanks to its large feed opening, high-pivot-point crushing action and wide crushing stroke. With a large head diameter of 52 inches (1.3 m), the XL400 can accept feed that is up to 25 percent larger than can be accepted by a crusher with less throw or head diameter.

XL500 Cone – One of FLSmidth’s newest models, this versatile 500 hp machine provides excellent secondary crushing capabilities. Like the XL400 cone, the XL500 cone handles a large feed and has a wide crushing stroke, producing more material of desired cubicity and gradation than its competitors.

XL600 Cone – A cost-effective solution for medium- to high-tonnage aggregate and mining operations, the XL600 cone has a maximum throughput capacity of almost 1,000 TPH (907 tonnes) in secondary applications. It can handle feed sizes up to 14 inches (360 mm) and has an active feed opening that creates better end product shape for high production of salable material. The countershaft is integrated into the mainframe arm, creating a stronger frame.

XL900 Cone – Offering both strength and performance, this unit improves throughput and feed size over comparable models in the 700 to 900 hp range. Production rates for the XL900 cone reach up to 1,400 TPH (1,270 tonnes). With its 70-inch (1.8 m) head diameter and integral countershaft built into the four-arm mainframe, the XL900 cone is not only large, but is one of the most robust crushers in its size range. Like all Raptor cone models, the high pivot point and large crushing stroke offer better crushing action throughout the crushing chamber.

XL2000 Cone

Portable Plants

XL1100 Cone – Previously the largest cone crusher on the market, the XL1100 cone breaks productivity barriers, while its integrated countershaft in the three-arm mainframe delivers unmatched durability and provides more open area. Features include a fail-safe hydraulic system, advanced eccentric, spiral-bevel gearing and alloy castings. The XL1100 cone can draw up to 1,200 hp and is designed to set production records.

XL2000 Cone – The XL2000 cone doubles the capacity of the XL1100 cone. Like its smaller counterparts, the XL2000 cone contains all of the design and automation features that have set FLSmidth’s machines apart, while offering several new features, including double-acting tramp release and clearing cylinders and easy access to critical load-carrying bearings. This direct drive 2000 hp variable speed machine has a significant eccentric throw and high-pivot point crushing action.

Portable Plants – Working with preferred chassis and screen manufacturers, FLSmidth’s engineers can custom-design a portable wheel-mounted or mobile track-mounted plant, based on customers’ unique applications. Wheel-mounted plant options include rear discharge and rear feed-side discharge for both the XL300 and XL400 cone. When combined with a horizontal 6-ft x 20-ft two- or three-deck screen, the XL300 cone can be configured into a closed-circuit crushing and screening plant. The XL300 and XL400 crushers can both be configured with two- or three-deck horizontal screens that are 6-ft, 7-ft or 8-ft x 20-ft, to provide open-circuit crushing and screening plants.

To learn more about the RAPTOR® LINE go to the REQUEST MORE INFO button above or click on the DIRECT CONTACT button to reach FLSmidth directly.

Mauritania mining processing plants

Mauritania is located in the western of Sahara. Though it belongs to underdeveloped country and is not known by many people. But the mineral resources of Mauritania do have great potential, particularly the iron ore resources. The proven iron ore reserves is the top two in Africa, it is also important in the world iron ore resources. Other primary minerals of Mauritania are gold, diamond, oil and gas, gypsum, phosphate, salt, kaolin, etc. So in many areas, many kinds of Mauritania mining ore crushing plants can be fond in the mining deposits.

Mauritania mining investment opportunity

Nowadays, the potential mineral resources win a lot of gaze of international investors. Foreign investors from different countries begin to invest in Mauritania mining industries. They purchase mining ore crushers and build mining processing plants in Mauritania. As a result, Mauritania mining investment is growing rapidly these years. In 2004, it became the Africa’s third-largest mining investor after South Africa and Ghana’s.

Mauritania iron ore resources

Mauritania iron ore resources are mainly fond in the northwest zones, different scale iron ore crushing plants are built near Zouerat areas. In 2005, it estimated that the iron ore reserves are about 700 million tons, and the Ferrum is about 400 million tons. Average grade is about 57%.
The iron ore production is about 10 million tons per year, most of them are for export. At present, many important iron ore companies plan to enlarge the scale.

Gold and Copper resources in Mauritania

Mauritania has earlier copper, gold mining history. The most important copper and gold deposits are located in Mauritania northern orogenic belt and northeast of Nouakchott.. Many famous foreign investor has invested here and many copper ore crushing plants and gold processing plants were built here for many years.

Gypsum Resources in Mauritania

The chiefly gypsum products are from the mining mountain in the north of Nouakchott. Every year, 100 thousand tons gypsum are produced here. But many of the scale of the gypsum crushing plants are quite small. Supposing large scale gypsum production line in Mauritania can be built, the capacity will greatly increased.

Mining ore crushers for sale in Mauritania

Being one of the world-lead mining ore processing equipments manufacturer in China, Double helps customers design many mining ore crushing plants used in Mauritania, such as medium capacity iron ore production line, small scale gold ore beneficiation plants and kaolin crushing plants and gypsum crushing and grinding plants. The popular equipments used in these plants are iron ore jaw crusher, iron ore cone crusher, gold ore hammer crusher and gypsum impact crushers and matched equipments like vibrating screens, vibrating feeder and belt conveyors, etc. We would like to cooperate with investors from different countries. So if you plan to invest in Mauritania mining resources, just be free to contact us.

Chat with our engineers on-line, you can get answers immediately; leave your email address or your phone number, we will get in touch with you within 24 hours. We would like to help you solve your problems with you together.

Steel structure mining processing plants

Tanzania is rich is many kinds of mining resources, such as the gold resources, coal resources, iron ore resources and limestone and so on. These rich mineral resources attract a number of investors invest in Tanzania and build many Tanzania mining ore crushing plants every year.

Double has helped many customers build plenty of mining ore processing plants in Tanzania, for example, we help customers build mobile crushing plants, fix mining ore crushing plants on cement foundation and crushing plants on steel structure, which greatly help customers save time to build the foundation.

The advantages of Steel structure machine

Steel structure foundation belongs to movable crushing plants, but it is not as flexible as the mobile crushing plants. Compared with the cement foundation, it has many advantages.

With the development of modern mining industry, many customers would like to save the cost of investment and the time to build foundation. To satisfy these customers’ requirements, Double R&D team spend a lot of time to design the steel structure that fit for Double mining ore processing equipments, such as Double mining ore jaw crusher, Double mining ore cone crusher, Double mining ore impact crusher and Double vibrating feeders, vibrating screens, etc.

By using these steel structure mining processing plants, producers just need to build simple foundation, it do greatly save the time to transport materials to build cement foundations. Supposing building cement foundation will spend three months, using the steel structure mining ore processing plants will save at least one month. Meanwhile, good cement foundations do cost a lot of money, greatly increase the invest cost. So by using steel structure, investors can get return earlier.

Steel structure mining processing plants

On the other hand, many mining working sites environments are very bad; producers have to spend a lot of time to making working sites, they use excavators dig the mountain to make suitable platform. It does bring a lot of troubles to investors. But if producers adopt Double steel structure, these problems are easy to be solved.

Meanwhile, the steel structure can be disassembled. Once one mining deposits work out, producers can disassemble the plants and transport to another deposits easily. And they can run the new mining ore crushing plants quickly.

Comparing with Double mobile crusher plant, the flexible of steel structures have many limits. But it is really good choice for many customers. And it is cheaper than the mobile crushing plants.

Tanzania mining ore crushing industry

If you plan to invest in Tanzania mining ore crushing industry, if you are interested in the steel structure crushing plants, just be free to contact us.

Chat with our engineers on-line, you can get answers immediately; leave your email address or your phone number, we will get in touch with you within 24 hours. We would like to help you solve your problems with you together.

Crusher plant production and maintenance

The production line of crusher plant mainly consists of Vibrating Feeder, Jaw Crusher, Impact Crusher, Vibrating Screen, Belt Conveyor, Electric Control Box, etc. Double equipment design different production lines ranging 50 t/h to 500 t/h by combining different models of equipments also matching Cone Crusher, Bag Dust Catcher, etc. to satisfy different customers’ technological requirements.

Crusher plant maintenance

Convenient maintenance is so important in the quarrying crusher plant industry. Maintenance can be defined as working on something to keep it in a functioning and safe state and preserving it from failure or decline. Maintenance activities at quarries range from the maintenance of machines, equipment and vehicles to the keeping of roadways on site in good order, attending to such matters as providing edge protection and securing excavations.

It’s important to keep structural costs down, to design for ease of maintenance and operation, and to combine best practices with advances in fabrication and erection.

Best installation for crusher plant

In mining operations, the layout of crushing plants and ancillary equipment and structures is a crucial factor in meeting production requirements while keeping capital and operational costs to a minimum.Since the crushing plant’s structure and enclosure can represent the largest single cost element in a primary crushing plant, it is imperative to optimize these structural and construction costs to suit the life of the operation.

The fundamental goal for the design of a crushing plant is an installation that meets the required production requirements, operates at competitive cost, complies with today’s tough environmental regulations, and can be built at a reasonable price despite the rising costs of equipment, energy and construction labor.

Basalt dressing plant

Basalt can be a dark-colored, fine-grained, igneous rock composed generally of plagioclase and pyroxene mineral deposits. It most commonly forms as a possible extrusive rock, such as a lava circulation, but can also kind in small intrusive systems, such as an igneous dike or possibly a thin sill. It has a composition comparable to gabbro.

Basalt is most frequently crushed by basalt killer and grinding machines for use just as one aggregate in construction jobs. Crushed basalt is used by road base, concrete aggregate, asphalt pavement aggregate, railroad ballast, filter stone in drain fields and will other purposes. Basalt is also cut into dimension stone. Thin slabs of basalt usually are cut and sometimes rubbed for use as ground tiles, building veneer, monuments and other gemstone objects.

Basalt Mining Machines

Basalt crusher adopt jaw crusher, impact crusher and mobile crusher in the basalt crushing plant and adopt ball mill, MTW ginding mill, MTW grinding mill, hammer mill and LM series basalt milling machine in basalt grinding plant. In basalt dressing plant contain spiral classifier, concentrator table, flotation machines, filter,concentrator and dryer.
To one complete basalt beneficiation production line,it may contain many of the machines.The final equipments configuration depends the practical demands and the design.

Basalt Beneficiation Flow

When blast or digged out from the underground or from the mountain, the excavator carry the basalt to the basalt crushing site and feed dump the raw basalt mining to the hopper. Then the vibrating feeder under the hopper feed the raw material to the basalt crushers. Usually the crushed aggregates size is 0~10mm when the basalt discharged from the basalt crushers and classified by the vibrating screens.

The the basalt grinding machines (such as the ball mill) will grind the basalt aggregates to sand size or smaller particles. After classified and cleaned by the spiral classifiers, the particles will be fed to the basalt flotation machines or concentrator table. Then the concentrator, filter and dryer will thicken and .dry the particle and high purity available mineral is produced. In the beneficiation process, dense separation is usually adopt one time concentrating process and the producer will sell it after that for low production cost.

Find ideal basalt crushing and milling plant

As one of the superior professional basalt crushing in addition to grinding equipments manufacturer, Double offer customers the very best solution of develop one suitable basalt crushing and milling plant, supply the matched basalt crushers and also basalt grinding mills and linked equipments. Also, we will help the purchaser install the basalt crushing plant and grinding place and good after-sale service.

Nickel beneficiation process

Nickel ore is primarily divided into sulfide copper-nickel mine and nickel oxide ore, whose ore dressing and processing techniques are entirely various.

beneficiation Procedure nickel oxide ore presently utilized crushing and screening processes to pre-remove bulk rocks with weak degree of weathering and low nickel ore.In quarry nickel the nickel within the nickel oxide ore frequently scattered in gangue minerals within the type of isomorphism and their grain sizes are extremely fine, nickel oxide ore can’t be enriched by mechanical dressing techniques. On the contrary, they should be only sent for direct smelting.

Nickel ore process

Nickel Ore Mining procedure in South Africa Nickel Ore Mining consists of preparation for mining and extracting of nickel extract. Consists of the activities of separating and sorting the nickel ore until it becomes guli (shots) within the type of ferro nickel and also the use of nickel which can’t be separated administratively from the mining of the nickle.

Within the both nickel ore beneficiation procedure of sulfide copper-nickel mine and nickel oxide ore, nickel ore crushing and grinding are needed. Cs series cone crusher is widely utilized for nickel ore crushing. You will find regular cone crusher and brief head cone crusher. Both them have been utilized as nickel ore crusher. Following crushed by cone crusher, the supplies should be grinded by rod mill and ball mill prior to becoming sent to flotation. Vibrating screen is utilized to separate various sizes of nickel ore. The screening mining equipment is also essential for nickel ore crushing and grinding mill..

Nickel extraction and purification

Main nickel is produced from two extremely various ores, lateritic and sulfidic. Most sulfide ores are processed by utilizing pyrometallurgical methods to create a matte for further refining.

Throughout nickel processing, nickel is extracted from its ores by conventional roasting and reduction processes. Nickel ore is stockpiled in the nickel plant. It’s firstly fed into a SAG mill feed bin, then convoyed to SAG mill for main grinding. The grinded supplies pass to regular cone crusher after which brief head cone crusher for further grinding. The crushed particles are passed to a vibrating screen for separation. Fine particles move to fine ore bin, whilst big particles return to cone crusher for regrinding. The fine nickel ores move from fine ore bin to rod mill after which to ball mill whilst adding xuanthate and lime.

The nickel grinding procedure yields usually a metal of higher than 75% purity, that is needed for nickel liberation. The nickel ore particles that are fine sufficient following grinding will pass to flotation procedure for magnetic separation and refining.

History of Ball Mill

Ball mill appeared in the early 19th century; 1870 in the grinding mill, based on the development of a uniform size marker rod mill; in 1908 it created a self-mill without grinding media. 30 to 50 years the twentieth century, the United States and Germany have developed a roll bowl mill, roller mill and other vertical type disc pulverizers. This year is mine mineral processing equipment as an essential part of the ball is more rapid development of the.

Ball mill is the material being broken, and then smash the key equipment. It is widely used in cement, silicate products, new building materials, refractory materials, fertilizer, ore dressing, and black glass ceramic and other non-ferrous metal production industries, and other various ore grindability of materials for the dry and wet grinding.

Ball grinding mill is a horizontal rotating device, outer gear, the two positions, lattice-type ball mill. Material from the feed device into the compound by air evenly into the mill screw shaft first warehouse, the warehouse there are ladder liner or corrugated liner, built in different specification steel balls, cylinder to convey ball into the action must generate centrifugal force After the fall height, produce severe impact on the material and abrasive.

To coarse grinding of materials in the first position after the board by the single compartment into the second warehouse, the warehouse lined with flat lining, steel ball inside, the material to further grinding. Powder discharged through the discharge grate plate to complete the grinding operation. Structural characteristics of ball mill from the feeding part, discharging Department, Rotary Department, Transmission Division (reducer, small transmission gear, motors, electrical control) and other major components. Hollow shaft with steel casting, lining Replaceable, slewing gear hobbing by casting process, the body inlaid cylinder liner wear, has good wear resistance.

Ball mill energy consumption in the course of work accounted for the majority of the whole process of cement production, including power consumption, integrated power consumption of cement accounts for about 60% -70%, so
how big the energy consumption of “downsizing” is a cement technology workers unremitting goal. Grinding equipment selection, based on cement and concrete properties (performance,mechanical properties, durability) as the core, not just the pursuit of the production process of reducing power consumption, but also to meet the needs of building energy saving.

“Standard density is low, a good additive compatibility, well age, high strength, help to improve the durability of concrete is the quality of cement concrete.” At the same time, also ensures the development of admixtures industry view, “admixture of cement industry can reduce the required particle bound to improve the performance of cement plays an important role.”

Silica Making Process In Mining Industry

Second and then oxygen, silicon is easily the most abundant take into account Earth’s crust. It is found in rocks, sand, clays and soils, along with either oxygen as silicon dioxide, or with oxygen as well as other elements as silicates. Silicon’s compounds will also be found in water, within the atmosphere, in several plants, as well as in certain animals.

Silica Making Process

If the input size of stones is smaller than 40mm, we recommend the Silica making flow designed with vsi5x series sand making machine, vibrating screen, sand washing machine, etc; otherwise, we’ve another solution made for you,This flow has vibrating feeder, jaw crusher, impact crusher (optional ), cone crusher, vsi5x series sand making machine,vibrating screen and sand automatic washer.

we just have to transport the satisfied size towards the sand making machine with a feed hopper, and When through the role of sand making machine, the last products- artificial sand is formed. After washing in sand washers, the pure sand meeting your requirement is produced.

Large silica stone( input dimensions are greater than 40mm) is transported to jaw crusher via vibrating feeder for primary crushing. Then a crushed materials are screened out into many different types with a vibrating screen.

The stone with satisfied dimension is transported to sand automatic washer, while the rest will probably be back to jaw crusher or cone crusher for breaking again. When from the role of sand making machine, the ultimate products – artificial sand is formed. After washing in sand washers, the pure sand meeting your requirement is produced.

Silica Sand Making Process Line

Sand making machine is utilized for silica sand manufacturing process, and power from various minerals. It is utilized in fine and medium size crushing of coarse material, rocks, stones, minerals, building aggregate concrete and other material. SBM Sand making machines are of high efficiency and high performance crusher, lower in maintenance and low operating cost.

Our high proficiency Sand making machines are made and manufactured to make fine quality sand rich in productivity output. The ultimate method is cubic with grounded edges.

Silica sand and aggregate can be used in preparing high quality concrete for building and construction purpose, so the sand particle has to be equiexed cuboidal and glommed edges.

Coal Grinder Equipment Used

SBM coal grinding mill can be a flexible design, we absorb the advantages of Loesche coal mill and then add features too. Coal grinding mill or coal pulverizer are designed for all grades of coal which is highly economical in terms of specific energy consumption. Raymond coal mill can grind all grade coal from hard coal, woodsy lignite, lignite to anthracite coal, oil coke, We’re able to offer you a turnkey project including design, install, and debug a myriad of coal grinding mill plants.

Ball Mill 

ball mill is the vital thing grinding mill for grinding following a crushing process, and ball mill is often a efficient grinding mill for grinding many materials into fine powder. Ball mill may be used for grinding various ore as well as other grinder-able materials wet or dry. Based on variations of discharging materials, The ball mill series are split up into grate type and overflow type, and ball mill goes to grate type.The ball mill is definitely an efficient grinder machine for grinding many materials into fine powder. The Ball mill may be used to grind many different types of mine along with other materials, so that you can select the mine.

Raymond Mill 

After a period of practice and improvement, Raymond mill structure gets perfect daily. For low consumption, low investment, atmosphere friendly , small occupation area, plus much more efficient compared to traditional mill, it’s broadly found in the region of metallurgy, building materials, chemical industry and mining to process powder.

The raymond mill can be used in grinding the non-flammable and non-explosive stuff that has got the Moh’s hardness below 7, humidity under 6%, for instance gypsum, talc, calcite, limestone, marble, feldspar, barite, dolomite, granite, kaolin, bentonite, bauxite, iron ore etc., the greatest items differ from 613 micron to 44 micron. Using the function of separator and blower, raymond mill can meet different customers’ demand.

Raw Meal Mill

SBM Machinery is probably the strongest national manufacturers in producing tube mills and cement raw meal mills. After exploration and summary inside the design, manufacture and use for a long time, we now have obtained series products with different specifications and different functional requirements to accomplish better ultra-fine grinding of slag, cement, limestone,concrete and other materials. Our worldwide market contains the next counries : Nigeria, Nigeria, India, Russia, USA, Canada, Australia, Egypt, Nubia, Peru, Indonesia, Brazil, Kenya,Papua New Guinea, Zambia, Oman, Zimbabwe, Mexico, Ghana, Zimbabwe, Philippines, Guinea, Argentina etc. Raw Meal Grinding Mill wholesaler manufacturer grinders like coal mills, ball mill, tube mills & cement mills with supreme quality assurance.

Raw Meal Preparation

Grinding the raw material with both horizontal and vertical mill requires vast amounts of energy. As a result, the main challenge in the grinding process would be to minimize energy consumption overall.

Our speed-regulated mill blowers substantially reduce energy consumption. So we use our MCS mill optimization system to improve the operating point and efficiency.

Quarry and Raw Materials

Extraction with the raw material (limestone, shale, silica, and pyrite) is performed by blasting or by scraping if you use shearer loaders.

The material is sent to the crusher where it really is reduced to chunks by crushing or pounding. Crushed limestone as well as the other recycleables in many cases are stored under cover to guard them in the elements and to minimize dust.

Typically the quarry is distant from your cement plant, therefore separate or standalone power equipment is going to be required.

Tube Mill

Us has designed a new single-drive and double slide-shoe tube mill with bearing support structure. It is easy to replace and straightforward to keep with good lubrication and light-weight weight. Type Y update sealing between slide-shoe housing and slide ring (of simple structure) provides better sealing performance. The mill gate from the cylinder can be used outside with excellent structure. New type mill door enables the usage of lining plate at same specification by internal cylinder. The tube mill is very designed with manhole lining plate in the traditional way, only using new classification lining plate and standard step lining plate. The tube mill can raise the grinding surface with better classified efficiency. New diaphragm structure can be used for adjustable lifting plate and glued lifting plate, being easy to install and maintain. The structure comes with one material spoon to increase feeding capability effectively.

Cement Ball Mill

Ball mill is surely an efficient tool for grinding mill many materials into fine powder. The Ball mill is used to grind many kinds of mine along with other materials, or to beneficiation. It really is traditionally used in building material, chemical industry, etc. There are 2 means of grinding: the dry process and also the wet process. It may be divided into tabular type and flowing type based on variations of discharging material.

Q: Recently we are planning to use fly Ash in Raw Mill Product at Product Airslide before going to CF Silo. Our fly ash having rich in carbon, allumina and silica. When we utilize this fly ash what problems will occured in kiln operation as well as quality of the Clinker(OPC & SRC). Pl. produce your valuable suggestions.

A: Adding flyash to the raw meal is fairly common. Using flyash is generally a means of overcoming a raw meal production bottle-neck. With the addition of a share of flyash to the raw mill product boosts the kiln throughput for a similar raw mill output.

Sometimes the quarry includes a really low clay component available and has to be suplimented with flyash or bottom ash.

Vertical Roller Mill

Vertical roller grinding mill is a type of grinding equipment featuring high-efficient and energy-saving. Vertical mill own included the crushing and grinding right into a single whole , that have completely satisfied the various requirements from the clients and materials. And also at once , Our company also have the super thin grinding mill of Vertical roller mill ,which have been catogrized since the new &high energy-saving solutions within the eight fifth period by the national cement development core .

Technical features of Vertical roller mill

1.Materials will receive the circular crushing process through the crushing and grading. Without any over-grinding phenomenon ,the Vertical roller mill have greatly improved the powder grinding efficiency .

2. Vertical roller mill is equipped with the grading system and also the grading impeller will adopt the newest and high structure design .With high grading precision ,the fine powder will have no coarse particles by the grading process.

3.The key units with the Vertical roller mill and grading driven electric motor will be controlled and adjusted from the frequency converter. And also the stable function and generability, the Vertical roller mill may be used to crush the types of materials with some other features and also the production process as well as the particle size could be adjustable .

Application of Vertical roller mill

Vertical roller mill mostly are placed on proceed the powder crushing manufacturing of the materials for example calcite, limestone, barite, fluorite, light dry stone coal, glaze, slag,mica, feldspar, brucite, wollastonite, kaolin,spores, vermiculite, potassium salt slag, garnet , quartz,etc.As well as the Vertical roller mill can also be used towards the non-metal mining areas with all the Mohs hardness of less than 7degree ,including mining metallurgy, chemical industry, electronics, medicine, daily chemical, agricultural, constructing ,etc.

Vertical Grinding Machine Technical Data

Vertical Mineral Mill Model and Technical Date

Model
LM130K
LM150K
LM170K
LM190K
LM220K
LM240K

Rotate Median Diameter (mm)
1300
1500
1700
1900
2200
2400

Capacity ( t/h)
10~30
13~40
18~57
23~72
36~114
41~128

Product Size
mm
170~45
170~45
170~45
170~45
170~45
170~45

mesh
80~325
80~325
80~325
80~325
80~325
80~325

Moisture
≤1%
≤1%
≤1%
≤1%
≤1%
≤1%

Max Feeding Size ( mm)
<38
<40
<42
<45
<50
<55

Moisture of Feeding Material
<4%
<4%
<4%
<4%
<4%
<4%

Moisture Should Be Dry
<15%
<15%
<15%
<15%
<15%
<15%

Temperature of Inlet (℃)
<350
<350
<350
<350
<350
<350

Temperature of Outlet (℃)
70~95
70~95
70~95
70~95
70~95
70~95

Power of Main Motor(kW)
185~220
250~280
355~400
450~500
710~800
800~900

Overall
Dimension
Length(mm)
3500
4200
4700
8500
10200
11700

Width(mm)
3400
3900
4500
5600
6700
7700

Height (mm)
5800
7100
8300
8800
10600
12200

Weight (t)
48
75
90
100
125
160

Vertical Coal Mill Model and Technical Date

Model
LM130M
LM150M
LM170M
LM190M
LM220M
LM240M

Rotate Median Diameter (mm)
1300
1500
1700
1900
2200
2400

Capacity ( t/h)
10~15
16~22
20~28
26~35
35~45
40~50

Product Size ( R0.08)
<15%
<15%
<15%
<15%
<15%
<15%

Moisture
<1%
<1%
<1%
<1%
<1%
<1%

Max Feeding Size (mm)
<38
<40
<42
<45
<50
<55

Moisture of Feeding Material
<15%
<15%
<15%
<15%
<15%
<15%

Temperature of Inlet (℃)
<350
<350
<350
<350
<350
<350

Temperature of Outlet (℃)
75~95
75~95
75~95
75~95
75~95
75~95

Hardgrove Grindability Index (HGI)
>55
>55
>55
>55
>55
>55

Power of Main Motor ( kW)
185
250
315
400
500
560

Overall Dimension
Length (mm)
3500
4200
4700
8500
10200
11700

Width(mm)
3400
3900
4500
5600
6700
7700

Height(mm)
5800
7100
8300
8800
10600
12200

Weight ( t)
46
75
94
100
122
157

Stone Crushing Plant Supplier South Africa

As the second biggest continent, mining Africa implies quantities of resources. African mineral reserves rank 1st or 2nd for bauxite, cobalt, diamonds, phosphate rocks, platinum-group metals (PGM), vermiculite, and zirconium. Apart from these minerals, there are many other minerals which are also present in quantity. Following is data of mining Africa minerals in 2005 : bauxite 9%; aluminium]] 5%; chromite 44%; cobalt 57%; copper 5%; gold 21%; iron ore 4%; steel 2%; lead (Pb) 3%; manganese 39%; zinc 2%; cement 4%; natural diamond 46%; graphite 2%; phosphate rock 31%; coal 5%; mineral fuels (including coal) & petroleum 13%; uranium 16%.

From these we can see that mining Africa is richly endowed with mineral reserves and ranks first or second in quantity of world reserves. There is a great demand to Africa mining equipment for crusher manufacturer in Africa. These will need large quatity of stone crusher plants for Africa. Stone Crushing Plant Supplier

Our core business is to manufacture crushing equipment, grinding machine and screening plant. Whether we supply Beneficiation machine, stone crushing plant according to the needs of customers. Our worldwide market consists of the following counries : South Africa, Nigeria, India, Russia, USA, Canada, Australia, Egypt, Nubia, Peru, Indonesia, Brazil, Kenya,Papua New Guinea, Zambia, Oman, Zimbabwe, Mexico, Ghana, Zimbabwe, Philippines, Guinea, Argentina etc. Stone Crusher Plant 

Stone Crushing Process includes vibrating feeder, jaw crusher, cone crusher, impact crusher, vibrating screen, belt conveyor, electric controlling system and dust catcher etc. The designed capacity is from 50t/h to 500t/h. To meet customer’s specific requirement, we can make different design to meet various needs. Process of stone production line

Raw materials are evenly fed into the jaw crusher by vibrating feeder as primary crushing. Then the belt conveyor transfers the elementary products into impact crusher or cone crusher as secondary crushing. Then, the secondary products are separated into different sizes by the vibrating screen (screening machine), and the stone which does not reach the required size will be return to the impact crusher for re-crushing. Accordint to the capacity, we design these different stone crusher plant: 40-60TPH rock crushing plant, 100-120TPH rock crushing plant, 150-180TPH rock crushing plant, 200-250TPH rock crushing plant, 300-3500TPH rock crushing plant. Factors that affect the stone production line

1. The kind of raw materials to be crushed

2. The hardness of the raw materials (Hardness)

3. The max. feeding size of the raw materials before into the crushing system (Input Size)

4. Requested product sizes, percentage of the sizes, and their usage (Output Size)

5. Hour capacity of the crushing line (Capacity)

This stone production line has features of high automaticity, adjustable size of output products, low energy consumption, and good shape of the products. It is suitable for various engineering project constructions, such as highway, bridge, building and so on.

Selection Crushing Plant

The selection of crusher plant depends upon the kind and amount of material to be crushed. Gyratory and jaw crushers represent the majority of primary crushers used at mining operations today, although some operations use roll impact crushers, low-speed roll sizers and feeder breakers. Cone crusher  remain typically the most popular for fine crushing applications, although some mines use vertical impact crushers for tertiary and quaternary crushing.

Major Equipment Select

The key equipment in a primary crushing circuit usually includes only a crusher, feeder and conveyor. Secondary and tertiary crushing circuits have a similar basic equipment items, along with screens and surge storage bins.

Other Selection mining equipment components of crushing circuits can include:

• Man-lift elevator
• Sump pumps
• Air cannons
• Air vacuum cleanup systems
• Water booster pumps
• Rock grapple
• Service trolleys
• Rock breaker
• Apron feeder for the primary crusher
• Overhead crane
• Dust collection/suppression system
• Freight elevator
• Belt monitoring systems
• Conveyor belt weigh scales
• Belt feeders
• vibratory feeder  
• Screw feeders
• Lime/cement silos
• Bin ventilators
• Sampling stations
• Eccentric trolley removal cart
• Service air compressor
• Conveyor belt magnets
• Conveyor gravity take-up service winch
• Conveyor belt metal detectors
• Conveyor belt rip detector

Sand Crushing Plant Selection

The main sand crushing mining equipment selection depends upon sand production scale, stone lithological characters and material input size. The key crushing is an open production process. The current primary sand crushers are jaw crusher and impact crusher.

To fulfill customer’s element sand fineness modulus and powder content, in addition to simplify the sand making production process, We recommend you sand screening mining equipment avibrating sand screen. Only utilizing the sand crushers with sand screen can you greatly enhance the sand manufacture of different required size.

Cube Crushing Machine

Cube Crushing machine for sale:

Dry-cast concrete blocks are a popular building material. A concrete cube is a bastard of architecture, an unpleasant sight that makes the squeamish 
turn 
their 
heads 
away feeling slightly 
sick. 


A
concrete cube 
at 
the outskirts 
of the City is something you run away from: when we kids from the concrete cubes become 
successful and 
well‐off, 
we 
look 
down on 
our 
old 
neighborhood, we 
notice 
how inhumane 
it is to 
live 
in,
and how 
loud,
ugly 
and some what 
stinking 
it 
is.

Concrete is the most important contemporary civil engineering materials. Concrete is artificial stone conservation which is made up of a certain percentage of preparation with cementing material, aggregate and water, by mixing vibration molding, under certain conditions.

Concrete jaw crusher 

Concrete jaw crusher could be popular in concrete crushing or concrete recycling industry. Boasting greater efficiency and sturdiness, concrete jaw crusher suits what’s needed of breaking outsized, super-thick and hard objects. Concrete jaw crusher is good machinery for your substructural construction of mines, bridges, roads and civil infrastructure. Concrete jaw crusher on the market from SBM is very popular in concrete crushing plants and related crushing industries etc.

Concrete mobile crusher 

Concrete mobile crusher or mobile concrete crusher includes mini concrete crusher, used concrete crusher, concrete recycling machine, concrete cube crusher, concrete breaker machines, etc. In accordance with SBM products, concrete mobile crusher can be separated into four types for example crawler type concrete crusher, jaw concrete mobile crusher, impact concrete mobile crusher, cone mobile concrete crusher etc.

Artificial sand for construction

As the largest manufactured sand plant, sand making machine producer in China, SBM Machinery sets the standard on good quality manufactured sand equipment.

As a possible expert manufacturer of artificial?sand making equipment, SBM provide probably the most professional kind of artificial?sand making plant. ?SBM have designed sand process for 1000s of clients from greater than 60 countries and serviced for field of sand making and sand shaping for longer than Ten years.

Artificial Sand For Construction

Artificial Sand is widely used in highway construction, concrete making, etc. There are many types of stones can be produced into sand. Including basalt, granite, limestone, marble, quartzite, sandstone, cobble stone crusher, river stone etc. Step one is crush, it maybe through 1 or 2 steps for crushing, it’s depend on materials. Since the field of industry application gradually expanded, the gradual using natural sand work countless didn’t keep pace while using various sectors of latest world development needs. Generally, machine-made sand is produced to satisfy the fantastic needs.

In line with the notion of machine-made sand, sand is kind of rock crusher particles with diameter lower than 4.75mm after removing dirt, crushed and screened while soft rock and weathered rock aren’t included. Sand specifications: according to fineness modulus (Mx), sand specification is put into coarse, medium and thin. And among this, fineness modulus of coarse sand is 3.7-3.1, and the medium sand is 3.3-3.0, and the thin sand’s fineness modulus is 2.2-1.6.

Artificial Sand Making Process Line

Sand making machine is used for artificial sand manufacturing process, and power from various minerals. It really is utilized in fine and medium size crushing of coarse material, rocks, stones, minerals, building aggregate concrete along with other material. SBM Sand making machines are of high quality and high end crusher, low in maintenance and low operating cost. Our high proficiency Sand making machines are made and manufactured to create top quality sand rich in productivity output. The ultimate strategy is cubic with grounded edges. Artificial sand and aggregate is utilized in preparing good quality concrete for building and construction purpose, and so the sand particle must be equiexed cuboidal and glommed edges.

Artificial Sand Making Machine

VSI5X Crusher becomes the core equipment in sand making business. It adopts Germanic advanced technique and owns several patents and independent intellectual property rights. VSI5x series VSI crusher is extremely recommended to crush high hardness materials as iron ore, nonferrous metals, corundum, and bauxite, quartz sand, basalt, etc.

Sand making machine is required for artificial sand making purpose, and power from various minerals. It is actually found in fine and medium size crushing of coarse material, rocks, stones, minerals, building aggregate concrete along with other material. SBM Sand making machines are of best value and powerful crusher, low in maintenance and low operating cost. Our high proficiency Sand making machines were created and manufactured to create high-quality sand full of productivity output. The past technique is cubic with grounded edges. Artificial sand and aggregate can be used in preparing excellent concrete for building and construction purpose, hence the sand particle needs to be equiexed cuboidal and glommed edges.

If the input size your materials is smaller than 40mm,we recommend the sand making flow constructed with vsi5x series sand making machine ,vibrating screen, sand washer, etc; otherwise, we now have another solution created for you,This flow has vibrating feeder, jaw crusher, impact crusher (optional ), cone crusher, vsi5x series sand making machine,vibrating screen and sand automatic washer. In accordance with different process requirements, various equipment could be combined to fulfill the technological requirements of varied customers.

Rules when operating the overflow ball mill

The ball mill is essential part in beneficiation, and it is very important in crushing process. The main types of ball mills are: energy saving cone ball mill, grid ball mill, tubular ball mill, rotary bearing ball mill, etc. Henan Yuhui will introduce operation rules, maintenance and repair regulations of overflow ball mill to the customers’ reference.

 

I.  Carefully check the machine before starting it. For example, check whether the bolt is loose, the lubrication is in good condition, the driving devices are stable, the protective devices are in good condition, the instrument panel is sensitive and the carbon brush is in good connection.

II.  Carefully check whether there are obstructions around the driving part. Don’t allow people near the machine when starting the grinding machine.

III. Start the motor when there are not something wrong, and notice the change of current. The start times can not exceed 2 continuously. The internal can not be more than 5 minutes.

IV. Strictly in accordance with the rules of supplying water, feeding materials and adding steel balls. The idling time can not exceed 15 minutes to avoid broking the linear.

V. Check whether occurs leakage of slurry when operating. Carefully notice current, voltage. feeding, water supply. Check the motor and main shaft’ temperature every half hour. Ensure the temperature can not be more than 60℃.

VI. Stop feeding before stopping the ball mill, and then stop supplying water after the concentrate is discharged in the machine. Press the button and pull down the switch.

VII. When there is a power cut, fist pull down the switch, and press the button, then stop feeding and supplying water.

VIII. Clean the machine after stopping to ensure a clean environment.

Closed-circuit systems of cement ball mill

The efficiency of the early stages of grinding in a ball mill is much greater than that for formation of ultra-fine particles, so ball mills operate most efficiently by making a coarse product, the fine fractions of this then being separated, and the coarse part being returned to the mill inlet. 

 

The proportion of the mill-exit material returned to the inlet may vary from 10-30% when ordinary cement is being ground, to 85-95% for extremely fine cement products. It is important for system efficiency that the minimum amount of material of finished-product fineness is returned to the inlet. Modern separators are capable of making a very precise size "cut" and contribute significantly to the reduction of energy consumption, and have the additional advantage that they cool both the product and the returned material, thus minimizing over-heating.

 

Efficient closed-circuit systems, because of their tight particle size control, lead to cements with relatively narrow particle size distributions (i.e. for a given mean particle size, they have fewer large and small particles). This is of advantage in that it maximizes the strength-production potential the clinker, because large particles are inert. As a rule of thumb, only the outer 7 μm "skin" of each particle hydrates in concrete, so any particle over 14 μm diameter always leaves an un-reacted core. However, the lack of ultra-fine particles can be a disadvantage. 

These particles normally pack the spaces between the larger particles in a cement paste, and if absent the deficit is made up with extra water, leading to lower strength. This can be remedied by including 5% calcium carbonate in the cement: this soft mineral produces adequate ultra-fines on the first pass through the mill.

Industrial use of crusher

In industry, crushers are machines which use a metal surface to break or compress materials. Mining operations use crushers, commonly classified by the degree to which they fragment the starting material, with primary and secondary crushers handling coarse materials, and tertiary and quaternary crushers reducing ore particles to finer gradations. Each crusher is designed to work with a certain maximum size of raw material, and often delivers its output to a screening machine which sorts and directs the product for further processing. Typically, crushing stages are followed by milling stages if the materials need to be further reduced. Crushers are used to reduce particle size enough so that the material can be processed into finer particles in a grinder. A typical circuit at a mine might consist of a crusher followed by a SAG mill followed by a ball mill. In this context, the SAG mill and ball mill are considered grinders rather than crushers.

 

In operation, the raw material (of various sizes) is usually delivered to the primary crusher's hopper by dump trucks, excavators or wheeled front-end loaders. A feeder device such as a conveyor or vibrating grid controls the rate at which this material enters the crusher, and often contains a preliminary screening device which allows smaller material to bypass the crusher itself, thus improving efficiency. Primary crushing reduces the large pieces to a size which can be handled by the downstream machinery.

Some crushers are mobile and can crush rocks (as large as 16 inches), concrete and asphalt into material as it is driven over material on road surface, thus removing the method of hauling oversized material to a stationary crusher and back to road surface. They are used, for example in road constructions.

Flotation Process Theory

An entirely unnecessary veil of mystery has been suffered to obscure the theoretical side of flotation processes. The forces involved, it is true, are not of such common cognizance as are those in the older methods of gravity concentration, but they are no more wonderful or mysterious in the one case than in the other. 

 

The forces utilized are finite in the range of their manifestations, but we have to appeal to molecular considerations for a complete exposition. The imagination of professional engineers is so well trained in these days that they should have no difficulty in grasping the significance of most of the observed facts, and there is, therefore, no reason why anybody engaged in metallurgical pursuits should not become as familiar with these methods of ore treatment as with any other ball mill.

 

A few analogies may be instanced in order to inspire confidence and allay the well established fear of the mysterious. For example, the amalgamation treatment of gold ores, wherein crushed ore, water, and quicksilver are mixed in proper proportions and in suitable devices, is so well known, and metallurgists have become so familiar with it, that the wonderful and obscure molecular reactions between the gold and the quicksilver are never given any thought. 

 

Again, the chemical reactions characterizing the cyanide treatment of gold ores, though we are in a measure able to quantify them by a familiar symbolism, require an undoubted exercise of the imagination by means of a written or mental picture of KCy -f Au = KAuCy. So in the case of flotation-concentration processes the physical laws are for the most part plain ; and where obscure, the obscurity is not a matter that need obstruct practical application. It is not my purpose to enter into a mathematical or physical discussion of the laws regulating these forces. 

 

James Clerk Maxwell, in his classical article on ' Capillary Action,' in the ninth edition of the Encyclopedia Britannica, has laid the foundation for a mathematic demonstration of all the phenomena involved ; moreover H. Livingstone Sulman and Hugh F. K. Picard have in preparation a full dissertation on the observed facts of surface tension and oleaginous and gas-film adhesion, with special reference to their bearing upon concentration by flotation. Sulman & Picard's essay is a document of the highest scientific quality, and we have had a pleasant foretaste of its merit in Sulman's recent announcement of the hysteresis range of the contact angle.

 

My purpose is to give a description in plain and simple language of what takes place when a particle of mineral floats at the surface of a liquid, leaving the mathematical and molecular aspects of the subject to be discussed at some future time.

 

Unfortunately, the nomenclature hitherto adopted in discussing the laws and principles governing flotation processes has not been such that it carried any explanation with it, but it is the better part of wisdom not to attempt to introduce new terms. I must confess to an inexplicable dislike of the term, ' surface tension,' a dislike that dates from my undergraduate days in the physical laboratory.

Mining Industry in Pakistan

Pakistan is endowed with significant mineral resources and emerging as a very promising area for prospecting/exploration of mineral deposits. Bases on available information, the country's more than 6,00,000 km² of outcrops area demonstrates varied geological potential for metallic and non-metallic mineral deposits. Except oil, gas and nuclear minerals regulated at federal level, Minerals are a provincial subject, under the constitution of Islamic Republic of Pakistan. Provincial governments are responsible for development and exploitation of minerals, besides, enforcing regulatory regime. In line with the constitutional framework the federal and provincial governments have jointly set out Pakistan first National Mineral Policy in 1995, duly implemented by the provinces, providing appropriate institutional and regulatory framework and equitable and internationally competitive fiscal regime.

 

In the recent past, exploration by government agencies as well as by multinational mining companies presents ample evidence of the occurrences of sizeable minerals deposits. Recent discoveries of a thick oxidized zone underlain by sulphide zones in the shield area of the Punjab province, covered by thick alluvial cover have opened new vistas for metallic minerals exploration. Pakistan has large base for industrial minerals. The discovery of coal deposits having over 175 billion tones of reserves at Thar in the Sindh province has given an impetus to develop it as an alternate source of energy. There is vast potential for precious and dimension stones.

 

The enforcement of Mineral Policy (1995) has paved way to expand mining sector activities and attract international investment in this sector. International mining companies have responded favorably to the NMP and presently at least four are engaged in mineral projects development.

 

Currently about 52 minerals ball mills are under exploitation although on small scale. The major production is of coal, rock salt and other industrial and construction minerals. The current contribution of mineral sector to the GDB is about 0.5% and likely to increase considerably on the development and commercial exploitation of Saindak & Reco Diq copper and gold deposits (world largest gold mine), Duddar zinc lead, Thar coal and gemstone deposits.

Rock Crusher Maintenance

Know When It Is Going To Go Down

 

Just as is the case with almost anything, the most likely time that rock crushers break down is when you will need to get the most out of them. As it is, you never realize how important something is until you do not have it, or when it is most required. In order to skirt high repair costs and production loss, proper periodical maintenance of rock crushers is required. The most logical thing to do in order to maximize the crusher life is to establish and execute a plan that will increase the life of the crusher thereby reducing repair cost and increasing the output. This can be done through laying down a rock crusher maintenance schedule that is adhered to. Following are five steps to help achieve the goal.

 

1. Know and follow the Rock Crusher Constraints

 

Every machine has a few reservations and this applies to a rock crusher as well. There are basically three limitations that are particularly important to be kept in mind while operating a crusher i.e. the horsepower, volume, and the crushing force. It is an overload if any one of these limitations is exceeded during operation. The operator needs to take into consideration the type of rock being crushed and environmental conditions as this too may change the rock crusher's limits on the fly. By forcing the crusher to go beyond limits and stressing out different aspects of the machine, the lifespan is decreased and the time that it has between repairs and failure is shortened. All this leads to more repair expenditure, more man-hours, reduced output and in few cases permanent failure of the machine.

 

2. Familiarize yourself with the Maintenance Needs of your Rock Crusher

 

As with all the mechanical machines, maintenance is needed and must be followed. Rock Crushers are no different. There are three types of maintenance that one must follow to properly maintain the crusher. They are - Preventive maintenance, Predictive maintenance and Reactive maintenance.

• Preventive Maintenance

This type of crusher maintenance plan need to be on a schedule and followed to keep up the crusher life. Following the manufacturer's maintenance manual should be the rule in this case. This includes looking after the components like crusher liners and other wearing components for their good health.

By not changing the liners in the crusher as they become less and less efficient, you will not only be losing money because of poor/out of spec product but also on labor as well since the operator will still be there for the same amount of time, but doing much less crushing. Also, the out of spec or oversized material may re-circulate in a closed circuit to further increase the load on the already deficient crusher.

• Predictive Maintenance

This refers to monitoring the condition of the rock crusher while it is in use. This is done by using predictive maintenance tools, such as lubricating oil thermometers, lube oil pressure gauges, lubricating oil filter condition indicator device, lube oil analysis, crusher drive motor ammeter and daily operator crusher log sheets. These are used to determine the normal operating specs of the crusher. This will allow seeing when things are not running properly and allow proper and corrective action to occur.

• Reactive Maintenance

This maintenance occurs when the crusher is not operating properly and it is decided it is time to fix. In other words, waiting until it is broken in order to maintain it. This should be seen as the last resort and be avoided.

 

3. Root Cause Analysis

 

Identify and apply corrective measures to the root cause because of which the rock crusher is facing issues. This can be very cost effective in the long run as it will minimize the reoccurrence of the problem. Root cause analysis not only helps in curbing the current problem but also in forecasting the potential of an incident. Thus corrective measures can be implemented well in advance.

 

There are many different techniques and tools for conducting root cause analysis like gathering data, checking the operator's skills and knowledge, inspection of the machine and end product, machine placement, forces of nature, maintenance processes etc. Once the root cause is identified, establish the corrective measure plan which will best suit to achieve your goals. The tracking of corrective measures can be documented in the form of dash-boards for the staff.

 

4. Design and Implement an Employee Training Plan

 

Many problems that would occur with a rock crusher can be prevented if employees are trained properly. Employees can be trained on one-to-one basis or through a group session. Group sessions are more advisable if a new technique or process has to be imparted to employees. Employee training program should be designed in such a manner that it keeps in mind each employee's needs and current skill status.

Proper training of employees increases their morale, confident in operating the crusher, their efficiency to work and decreases employee turnover. Which in turn lead to better working machine and an increase in profit over the long run. Employee training is not a one time job rather it should be done periodically so that each person is well equipped with the correct and updated knowledge of operating and maintenance of the rock crusher.

Silica sand crusher

Silica sand washing machine Nigeria

YEC is a munafacturer of construction and mining machines in China, and supplies all kinds of stone crushers and grinding mills for sand gravel quarry and stone powder plant. We also design a complete crushing and screening plant for aggregate, gravel, sand, mineral ore according to the requirements of customers. Our aggregate crushing plant, gravel crusher machine, and Sand sand making machine have been exported to many countries such as Israel, Cananda, Indonesia, philippines, Pakistan, Nigeria, Mlaysia, Egypt, kenya, Sri Lanka, Brasil, south africa, Zimbabwe, Ethiopia, Jordan, Peru, cuba, Macedonia.

Silica sand crusher

Silica Sand Making Plant Nigeria

Sand washing Plant or making plant consists of vibrating feeder, jaw crusher, vertical shaft Impact crusher (sand making machine), vibrating screen, sand washing machine, Belt conveyor and centrally electric controlling system, etc. The designed capacity is from 50t/h to 500t/h. If you need the washing plant,you will consists vsi crusher and the sand washer,you can also only use the Sand washing machine or the sand making machine.

Silica Sand Washing Process Nigeria

Silica Sand Washing is the simplest and lowest cost method of cleaning silica sand. In some of the very pure deposits that are void of heavy minerals, high amounts of clay and silt, and no surface staining, washing is sufficient to produce acceptable grade product. It may be use YEC sand washing machine. In the process, water is added to the sand and is generally pumped to a cyclone for desliming. The movement of the slurry passing through the pump and pipeline is sufficient to loosen the small amount of fines or clay that are in the ore body. Once the minor amounts of fines or clay have been released from the silica sand they can be removed via a variety of methods.

Silica sand processing Nigeria

The flow chart of silica sand processing is
The quartzite (quartz sand) is mined from deposit quarry, then the raw materials will be transferred to a stockpile for Primary crushing. In the Primary jaw crusher, the raw quartz sand is fed via a Vibrating feederfrom hopper. After primary crushing, the crushed quartz will be fed into Cone crusher for further crushing,then it will be sent to VSI crusher (sand making machine) for final fineness crushing.

After crushing, the quartz sand will be sieved into different grades by vibrating screen. The grain size meet the demands will be collected, while the others will be transferred to Sand sand making machine for further crushing.

Bauxite crusher

Bauxite is a rock composed mainly of aluminum oxide and aluminum hydroxide minerals. These might include: gibbsite, boehmite and diaspore. The rock usually includes other materials such as iron hydroxides, clay, silt and free silica. It most often occurs as a residual soil material in tropical and subtropical areas. It is the primary source of aluminum. Aluminum comes from Canada, China, Australia, Nigeria, Brazil, Guinea, Jamaica and Russia.

Bauxite Crusher Nigeria

The use of bauxite
Bauxite is the most common ore of aluminum. It is also used as an abrasive, however, this use is now being replaced by synthetic materials. Bauxite can be used in other industries such as cement, chemical, metallurgical, refractory.

Bauxite crusher

Bauxite processing plant Nigeria

Unlike the base metal ores, bauxite does not require complex processing because most of the bauxite mined is of an acceptable grade or can be improved by a relatively simple and inexpensive process of removing clay. In many bauxites, clay is removed by some combination of washing, wet screening and cycloning, even by hand picking or sorting.

Bauxite mining Nigeria

Open pit mining is used to get bauxite. The water in bauxite is taken out of the ore. This leaves a white powder that is called alumina which is another name for aluminum oxide. Alumina is made into aluminum.

Eighty percent of world bauxite production, mainly from large blanket type deposits is from surface mines, with the rest, mainly from Southern Europe and Hungary, from underground excavations. On some surface deposits there is no overburden, and on others, the bauxite may be covered by 70 metres or more of rock and clay. Deposits that are hardened may require blasting in order to release the ore. Once the bauxite is loosened into manageable pieces it is generally loaded into trucks or railroad cars and transported to crushing or washing plants or to stockpiles. Underground bauxite mines are used to exploit pockets or beds of deposit between layers of carbonic rock. Water in flow is a problem in most underground operations and dewatering shafts are often drilled before mining begins.

Bauxite Crusher Supplier Nigeria

YEC is a manufacturer of crushers and grinding mills, and supplies bauxite crushers, washing machine and better service for bauxite beneficiation plant. We have jaw crusher, impact crusher, cone crusher, vsi crusher and ball mill, vertical mill, ultrafine mill to choose for your bauxite processing plant. Of course we can also supplies ore crushers for other ore industries, such as iron crusher, chromite crusher, copper crusher.

Copper crusher

Mobile Crusher series high-performance, full-tracked vehicle hydraulic drive disk space, and the integration of high-performance crusher feeder, vibrating screen, belt conveyor, belt conveyor under screen, integration of the car crusher installation, vehicle-mounted electric motor and Control box integration. The device is widely used in road and bridge construction, urban construction, metallurgy, energy sector, the crushing, screening and other operations. Mobile Crusher widely using for Limestone, Granite, Marble, Gypsum, Coal, Copper, portable, Gold, Iron, exported to Australia, UK, Nigeria, India,etc, and we have offices in there places…

Copper Crusher Nigeria

Copper is mined either at open pit copper ore mines or underground copper ore mines. First the copper ore is blasted, loaded and transported to the primary crushers. Then the ore is crushed and screened, with the fine sulfide ore (~-0.5 mm) going to froth flotation cells for recovery of copper. In the primary crusher, the ore is broken into smaller pieces of less than 25 centimetres in diameter. Crushed ore is then loaded on to a conveyor belt which takes it to the storage bin. In the storage bin, ball mills and other grinding machine grind the ore until it is a fine powder. During the crushing process, YEC has improved the capacity and end crushing products with our secondary crusher and tertiary crusher. The total energy consumption is reduced considerably.

Crusher Plant

Copper crusher

Copper Grinding Machine Nigeria

Ball mill can used in copper ore grinding, it is widely used for copper ore concentrator, cement, silicate product, new type building material, fire-proof material, chemical fertilizer, blank and non-ferrous metal, glass, ceramics and etc. We can provide some of the most important copper ore concentrator equipment such as feeder, jaw crusher, cone crusher, belt conveyor, ball mill etc.

Nigeria Copper Beneficiation in Copper Processing Plant

Copper flotation: general use relatively simple process, after a period of grinding, fine -200 mesh about 50% to 70%, 1 roughing, 2 or 3 times selected, 1 or 2 times sweeping election . Disseminated copper minerals, such as relatively small size, may consider the stages of grinding and separation process. Treatment spot copper concentrator, they use rough concentrate regrinding – selected selection stage grinding process, and its essence is mixed – flotation process. First by a coarse, rough election, sweep the election, and then grinding and then rough Concentrate selected by high-grade copper concentrate and concentrate. Ground level of crude accounts for about 45% -200 mesh 50% -200 mesh and then finely ground level about 90% to 95%.

Nigeria Copper Ore Concentrator in Copper Processing Plant

YEC is professional crushing equipment and grinding machine manufacturer. YEC jaw copper crusher series is ideally suitable for the primary and secondary crushing, featuring with simple structure, easy maintenance, stable performance and high crushing ratio. The highest anti-pressure strength is 320MPa, used as copper, iron ore, gold, limestone, granite mining,etc.
Cone crusher series for the secondary crushing is suitable for hard and mid-hard rocks and ores, such as iron ores, copper ores, limestone, quartz, granite, gritstone, etc.